Transvaginal tape (TVT) is a surgical procedure designed to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women, a condition where there is involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or exercise. The procedure involves placing a synthetic mesh tape under the urethra through a small incision in the vaginal wall. This tape acts as a supportive sling, helping to keep the urethra closed during moments of increased pressure, thereby preventing urine leakage. TVT is typically recommended for women who have not responded to conservative treatments like pelvic floor exercises or lifestyle modifications. The cause of stress urinary incontinence that leads to the need for TVT is often related to weakened pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues, which can occur due to childbirth, aging, obesity, or previous pelvic surgeries. While TVT is generally effective and minimally invasive, it does carry potential complications. These can include bladder perforation, which may occur during the placement of the tape, leading to temporary difficulties with urination or the need for additional surgery. Other possible complications include infection, bleeding, pain during intercourse (dyspareunia), and erosion of the tape into surrounding tissues, which can cause chronic pain, urinary problems, or the need for tape removal. Additionally, some women may experience difficulty emptying their bladder completely, leading to urinary retention or the need for catheterization. Despite these risks, TVT remains a common and effective treatment option for women suffering from stress urinary incontinence, offering significant improvement in quality of life.
